Capability Brown

1715-1783

Cambo in Northumberland Stowe in Buckinghamshire Croome in Worcestershire

The village of Cambo in Northumberland where the young Lancelot Brown went to school.
GP/29W2B/3

Lancelot Brown was engaged as under-gardener at Stowe in Buckinghamshire. The house and gardens had been designed by several notable people including Vanbrugh, in 1730 William Kent took over and was responsible for the Elysian Fields and re-landscaping of the water courses. Though Brown arrived late on in the work he must have been heavily influenced by Kent's style.
LS/4S1B/1

Around 1750, following the death of William Kent, Brown set up his own practice. His first commission came from Lord Coventry for the estate of Croome in Worcestershire where he was not just gardener, but also designed the house and drained the site. It was around this time he aquired the nickname 'Capability' because of his ability to assess the capabilities of a site.
MAL/18A1/2

Burghley House Longleat in Wiltshire

By their very nature Capability Brown's jobs lasted a long time, Burghley House, which he began working on in 1756 took twentyfive years and involved the extensive grounds as well as the addition of a bath house and banqueting hall.
WEA/5A/3

The following year, in 1757, he began work on Longleat in Wiltshire for Lord Weymouth.
HAR/43L1/24

Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire Alnwick Castle

Around 1760 Brown began what is possibly his most famous endeavour, Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire. The house was largely the work of Vanbrugh along with Nicholas Hawksmoor while the gardens were laid out in formal style by the royal gardener Henry Wise. By 1760 a new Duke and changing fashions led to Brown being called in to 'make improvements'. He extensively remodelled the topography of the land, dammed the river Glyme creating two large lakes and submerging the lower levels of Vanbrugh's bridge which originally had 33 rooms built into it. The total cost at the time was said to be about £30,000.
left DB/31B1/3, right NH/31B1A/9

Another job from the 1760's which involved extensive topographical modifications was Alnwick Castle for the Duke of Northumberland, where, as part of the works, Brown reduced the turbulent River Aln to a more placid flow.
GP/29A1A/11

Hampton Court Claremont at Esher in Surrey Audley End in Saffron Walden

In 1764 Capability Brown was appointed H. M. Surveyor of Gardens and Waters at Hampton Court, an appointment which brought him a salary of £2000 a year and an official residence in the palace grounds. In 1768 he planted the famous Black Hamburg vine there.
CRA/KT1K/3

In 1768 Robert Clive bought the estate of Claremont at Esher in Surrey. He did not care for the existing house (built by Vanbrugh!) so he invited suggestions fo a replacement, Capability Brown's was the preferred option and involved completely removing the original house and building a new plainer one on a higher site on the estate along with the usual remodelling of the grounds.
CRA/36N1/5

At Audley End in Saffron Walden, Essex. during the 1760's Brown was responsible for introducing the great lawns.
OB/14A3/5

Luton Hoo, Bedfordshire Milton Abbas Chilham Castle

Following his resignation as First Lord of the Treasury, the Marquis of Bute decided to spend more time on his estate at Luton Hoo, Bedfordshire. Robert Adam extensively remodelled the house while Capability Brown did the grounds, building a lake and islands.
RD/2L1A/4

Around 1773 Lord Dorchester decided that for aesthetic reasons the village of Milton Abbas, close to his Milton Abbey house, would have to be moved. Capability Brown provided the plans for the new village which included a church and almshouses.
MA/12M1A/8

Chilham Castle, designed by Inigo Jones in the seventeenth century. Brown built a lake and did much of the planting.
MSM/21F1A-21

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